Archive for the ‘Diabetes & Endocrinology’ Category

The Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, a monthly review of pharmacotherapeutics in medicine published by the British Medical Journal, is recommending that physicians take a second look before prescribing daily low-dose aspirin to patients. A recent review of European data questions whether there is any benefit at all for those without a history of cardiovascular disease to be taking a daily aspirin, especially since long-term low-dose aspirin therapy almost doubles the likelihood of gastrointestinal bleeding (a potentially serious side effect). The journal authors support continued use of aspirin in those with known cardiovascular disease, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart attacks. But, in light of current evidence, is not recommending daily low-dose aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular disease. [via Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin]

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The FDA is working with pharmaceutical company Eli Lily to update label information on a common drug used to treat type 2 diabetes. The drug, called Byetta, is an injectable medicine that helps to control blood sugar levels. However, over a three-year period, the FDA received 78 reports of kidney problems, including kidney failure, among patients taking Byetta. Thus, new Byetta drug information will carry the warning that the medication may contribute to kidney malfunction. Signs of kidney problems can include change in the frequency of urination, urine color and amount of urine produced. Also, hand and feet swelling, low back aches, fatigue and changes in appetite can also be signs of kidney damage. Patients taking Byetta should notify their physicians if they experience any of these symptoms because kidney failure can cause serious problems due to the build up of metabolic waste products in the body. [HealthDay via Businessweek]

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Jeff Kapche, a 15-year law enforcement veteran who is currently a detective with the Fort Bend County, Texas Sheriff’s Department has just won a case for all diabetics. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia found that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) discriminated against Mr. Kapche when it refused to hire him as a special agent because of how he manages his type I diabetes. People with type I diabetes require frequent administrations of insulin, which Mr. Kapche injects. However, the FBI’s policy requires special agents to manage their diabetes with insulin pumps, rather than injections, due to the unpredictable nature of the job. However, given Mr. Kapche’s impeccable record of diabetes management throughout his long tenure of public service the court has found the FBI’s policy to be discriminatory. ”I am thrilled the jury understood that the FBI’s decision was discriminatory and that I could be a good Special Agent,” said Kapche. “I don’t want anyone else to go through what I have experienced and I hope this jury verdict sends the message that employers should look at each person as an individual, not simply someone with a disease.” Read more.

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Researchers from University of Michigan and Wayne State University are publishing the results of their study on the effects of triglycerides on diabetic neuropathy, a condition whereby nerves are damaged due to the progression of diabetes, often resulting in numbness, tingling, and pain in the feet, hands, legs and arms. Triglycerides are a type of fat that’s produced by the body. It’s a standard component to the “cholesterol test” which almost every person has had done. Elevated triglycerides can play a role in cardiovascular disease, and now this new study is suggesting that patients with high levels of triglycerides are more likely to experience worsening of their neuropathy. This is important because until now doctors couldn’t necessarily predict which patients will have a decline in their neuropathy. Now we may be able to target those patients with elevated triglycerides in hopes of slowing disease progression.

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The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences report today that vitamin C and vitamin E supplements may counteract the beneficial affects of exercise on diabetes and glucose metabolism. The University of Jena and Harvard University study shows that exercise induces bursts of free radicals that cause our body to activate and metabolize carbohydrates more efficiently, which can prevent type 2 diabetes and other conditions that may lead to stroke, coronary artery disease and kidney failure. Mitigating these free radicals with antioxidant vitamins could, therefore, block the health effects conferred by exercise.

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The EndoBarrier is a new technology that may be an alternative to gastric surgery for people who are dangerously obese. It’s an impermeable sleeve that can be deployed in the stomach to line the first 60 centimeters of the small intestine. The barrier is designed to remain in place for a few months and prevents the intestine from absorbing calories.  In animal experiments and preliminary human trials, it reduces weight and rapidly brings type 2 diabetes under control. Weight gain (especially around the waist) is associated with type 2 diabetes.

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As winter continues in the northern hemisphere, dialysis patients are urged to plan for potential storms that can cause disruptions in their treatment schedules. Dialysis is a procedure used to provide artificial kidney function to those with kidney failure. Skipping dialysis treatments can cause serious metabolic problems and can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and even coma. Here are some tips for dialysis patients and their caretakers:

- Speak to your doctor to formulate an emergency plan.
- Keep emergency phone numbers accessible.
- Be aware of local weather warnings.
- If you perform dialysis at home, speak with your provider to make sure you know what to do in the even the power goes out.

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It seems that anything is a risk factor for disease nowadays, and environmental pollution is one of the top culprits. While we know that diet and exercise can play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes, a new Ohio State University Medical Center study has found a strong connection between the disease and air pollution. When studying mice with diabetes, every mouse that was exposed to a high fat diet, along with exposure to inhaled particulates, had marked worsening of diabetes. Tests show that air pollution can cause inflammation, increase in body fat, and disruption in insulin processing, which is a hallmark of diabetes.  Although this was a mouse study, it’s interesting to note that the greatest increase in diabetes in humans are occurring in urban areas where people are more frequently exposed to air of poor quality.

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Had a “senior moment” lately? You know, those sudden, momentary lapses when you just can’t seem to remember the most common things. For most of us, we will experience what physicians term normal cognitive aging. Now, Columbia University researchers say that elevated blood glucose levels that occur naturally when we age may contribute to age-related cognitive decline. “This is news even for people without diabetes since blood glucose levels tend to rise as we grow older. Whether through physical exercise, diet or drugs, our research suggests that improving glucose metabolism could help some of us avert the cognitive slide that occurs in many of us as we age,” reported the lead investigator. Although regularly checking your blood sugar level isn’t recommended for non-diabetics, daily exercise is recommended for everyone (especially diabetics) because it contributes to normalization of blood glucose.

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The American Chemical Society reports new evidence that humans can make their own salicylic acid (SA), the compound largely responsible for aspirin’s effects on pain, fever, and inflammation. SA is a naturally occurring substance that can be obtained directly from eating fruits and vegetables. Researchers have previously shown that vegetarians have much higher levels of SA in their bodies (sometimes as high as in those who take low doses of aspirin). Now, the same research group claims that new evidence suggest that our bodies can actually manufacture SA from compounds we consume in our diet. Could SA be one of the chemicals responsible for the health benefits of a vegetarian diet? Numerous studies have shown that vegetarians seem to have a lower risk of obesity, coronary heart disease (which can cause heart attacks), high blood pressure, and diabetes.

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